Galactic Cosmic Rays

Modulation of galactic cosmic ray protons and electrons during an unusual solar minimum

During the latest Ulysses out-of-ecliptic orbit the solar wind density, pressure, and magnetic field strength have been the lowest ever observed in the history of space exploration. Since cosmic ray particles respond to the heliospheric magnetic …

Latitudinal gradients of galactic cosmic rays during the 2007 solar minimum

Ulysses, launched in 1990 October in the maximum phase of solar cycle 22, completed its third out-of-ecliptic orbit in 2008 February. This provides a unique opportunity to study the propagation of cosmic rays over a wide range of heliographic …

The radial gradient of galactic cosmic rays: Ulysses KET and ACE CRIS Measurements

The radial gradient of galactic cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere is studied, using the 125 to~ 200 MeV/n Helium channel from the Kiel Electron Telescope aboard Ulysses and the 147-198 MeV/n carbon channel from the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer …